Showing posts with label sarawak. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sarawak. Show all posts

Tuesday, 21 June 2011

Bahagian Samarahan

SAMARAHAN
Pejabat Wilayah Jabatan Pengairan Dan Saliran
Bahagian Kuching & Samarahan
94300, Kota Samarahan

Bahagian Samarahan merupakan salah satu dari sebelas bahagian di Sarawak. Ibu daerahnya ialah Kota Samarahan. Bahagian Samarahan mempunyai luas 4,967.4 km persegi. Jumlah penduduk pula adalah seramai 204,900 mengikut banci tahun 2000.
Bahagian Samarahan mempunyai empat daerah pentadbiran: Kota Samarahan, Asajaya, Serian dan Simunjan.
Kebanyakan pendudukan Samarahan adalah dari kaum Melayu, Iban, Bidayuh dan Cina.Samarahan dikenali sebagai Pusat Pendidikan Tinggi di Sarawak.Kewujudan UNIMAS (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak), UiTM (Universiti Teknologi Mara), Institut Perguruan Tun Abdul Razak, Institut Latihan Perindustrian, Pusat Sumber Sarawak, INTAN dan Giat Mara.
Bahagian Samarahan dihubungkan oleh 2 batang sungai yang besar iaitu Batang Samarahan dan Batang Sadong. Penempatan kebanyakan penduduk asal Samarahan di tepi sungai dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan sungai sebagai sumber ekonomi dan perhubungan. Kampung-kampung yang terdapat di Samarahan dan Sadong dapat dihubungi melalui sungai-sungai.
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

WHITE RAJAH OF SARAWAK


It also remained as the private domain of the British Brookes family. The first white Rajah of Sarawak was the 19th Century adventurer, Sir James Brooke. He had been appointed Rajah of a large area of Sarawak in 1841, by the Sultan of Brunei, then the overlord, as a reward for his services in putting down Chinese pirates and rebel tribesmen. Brooke rule was, by local standards, efficient and during the years he and his heirs extended their control over Brunei territory, under the excuse that the Sultan’s rule was ineffective or oppressive. In 1864 the British government recognised Sarawak as an independent domain after the USA had done so in 1850, and in 1888 an agreement with the British placed it under British protection, although the Brooke family retained control over all domestic affairs. The first Rajah had been emasculated by a bullet during fighting in Burma and had no children. Thus, to the accompaniment of great family vows, he chose his sister’s son Charles Johnson, as his heir, and Charles added the surname Brooke to his own name. Charles Johnson Brooke reigned from 1868 to his death in 1917 at the age of 87. He was a pompous chilly man with the most startling face. For years, following the loss of his eye in an accident, he lived with one empty socket. Then, during a visit to London he stopped on impulse at a taxidermist’s and bought an eye intended for a stuffed albatross. Wearing this in his empty eye socket, gave Brooke a wild look.

Charles
Johnson
Brooke
In Sarawak he inaugurated a water-works and a wireless transmitter. He believed that it was his duty to shelter the head-hunting Dayak tribesmen from the realities of the world and would not allow their primitive lives to be changed by commercial developments or consumer goods from the West.
The old autocrat had three sons who were so shy of women that, at one point, they looked like becoming permanent bachelors. Then their mother, the Ranee, (she was estranged from her husband and lived in England) recruited an orchestra consisting entirely of eligible young women, and had it perform before her sons.
The choice of the eldest, Vyner, fell on the drummer, Sylvia Brett, daughter of Viscount Esher, and as a token of his love, he sent her a silver model of her drum. Vyner was so shy he bought a book of jokes on their honeymoon and read from it rather than make conversation.
Once installed as Rajah, Vyner proved to be a conscientious ruler. He worked to suppress slavery and head-hunting and sat as a judge in his own court. He mixed with tribal chiefs, drank their potent liquor and got to know them well. Some of his more primitive subjects, such as the Dayaks and Kayans, believed that he had an interview with God every day: they asked him whether God was clean-shaven or wore a beard.
His personal habits were also somewhat eccentric: he would stroll around the garden of his riverside palace accompanied by pet monkeys and occasionally, a pet boa constrictor or porcupine.
Sarawak made headlines in the British Press in the 1930’s when Rajah Vyner’s three daughters entered British society. The newspapers dubbed them incorrectly “the three princesses,” eagerly chronicled their doings. They even inspired a popular song, “My Sarawak.” One married an all-in wrestler: another the bandleader, Harry Roy.
Back in Sarawak, Vyner took on an official named Gerald McBryan who had the most grandiose ambitions. He became a Muslim, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, and dreamed of creating a united Muslim empire extending from Morocco to the Philippines, with himself as ruler in Sarawak. However, McBryan went clinically insane and the last great event of Brooke rule was the introduction of a constitution, with a representative assembly. This was Vyner Brooks gift to his people in 1941 after a century of family rule.



http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/kenanderson/histempsequel/page19.html

Sejarah Negeri Sarawak

Sejarah purba

Sarawak ialah salah satu negeri di Asia Tenggara yang diduduki oleh manusia.Ia berlaku kira-kira 40000 tahun dahulu. Penemuan arkeologi seperti tulang manusia, tembikar, dan bekas perkuburan membuktikan bahawa manusia telah mendiami Sarawak sejak sebelum Masihi lagi.

Kurun-10 hingga kurun 19

Sarawak dikatakan berada di bawah kekuasaan kerajaan Srivijaya pada kurun-10 hingga kurun-13. Penguasaan kerajaan Srivijaya ke atas wilayah pesisiran Sarawak telah membolehkan orang-orang Melayu dari Sumatera berhijrah dan menetap di kawasan pesisiran Sarawak. Orang Melayu telah membuka penempatan mereka di Santubong yang merupakan antara pelabuhan entrepot terpenting di Nusantara. Ini telah dibuktikan dengan dengan penemuan bahan artifak seperti pasu zaman dinasti Han

Cina di Santubong.

Setelah kejatuhan kerajaan Srivijaya pada kurun-13, Sarawak dikuasai oleh kerajaan Majapahit. Seorang putera Raja Majapahit iaitu Raden Menteri Dipati Jepang atau Datu Merpati Jepang telah berhijrah ke Sarawak pada kurun ke-15. Baginda telah berkahwin dengan Datu Permaisuri anak perempuan Raja Jarom Jawa di Johor sebelum berhijrah ke Sarawak. Daripada keturunan Datu Merpati Jepang, muncullah golongan bangsawan Melayu Sarawak yang bergelar Abang. Golongan Melayu perabangan Sarawak telah memegang jawatan terpenting seperti Datu Patinggi, Datu Temenggong, Datu Bentara pada zaman pemerintahan Brooke di Sarawak.

Penglibatan Inggeris

Apa yang diketahui secara pasti, Sarawak terletak di bawah penguasaan Kesultanan Brunei pada awal abad ke-19.

Sarawak merupakan sebuah wilayah yang dikawal secara tidak rapi oleh Kesultanan Brunei pada awal abad ke-19. Kemudian pada 1839, James Brooke datang untuk menghantar surat pada Gabenor Sarawak, Rajah Muda Hasyim. Beliau meminta bantuan James Brooke untuk membantu menenangkan keadaan Sarawak yang kacau bilau. Pejuangan Dayak menentang penjajah Brunei terbukti hebat manakala James Brooke yang mempunyai angkatan perang yang lengkap dan beberapa kali cuba menenangkan pejuang Dayak. Sebagai balasan, James Brooke dilantik menjadi gabenor Sarawak pada 24 September 1841, dan seterusnya Rajah pada 18 Ogos tahun berikutnya.

Pada asalnya, wilayah ini cuma merupakan hujung barat Sarawak yang kemudian, yakni kawasan di sekitar Kuching. Sewaktu kematiannya pada 1868, anak saudara Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke menjadi Raja. Beliau pula diwaris oleh anakandanya, Charles Vyner Brooke.

Wilayah Brooke diperluaskan dengan pantas di bawah ketiga-tiga raja itu, kebanyakannya melalui penjejasan kawasan yang pada nama sahaja di bawah kawalan Brunei. Sebenarnya, Brunei cuma mengawal kubu-kubu sungai dan pantai di kebanyakan wilayah yang telah lenyap. Oleh sebab itu, kebanyakan keuntungan yang dicapai adalah melalui penjejasan pembesar Islam dan puak tempatan yang hilang kemerdekaan de factonya.

Dinasti Brooke memerintah Sarawak selama seratus tahun dan mencapai kemasyhuran sebagai “Raja Putih” ("White Rajahs"), dan diberi taraf yang serupa dengan raja-raja India dalam Empayar British.

Berbanding dengan banyak kawasan empayar yang lain, keluarga Brooke bermaksud pengamalan dasar paternalisme untuk melindungi penduduk tempatan daripada eksploitasi oleh empayar Brunei dan pendatang asing. Mereka memerintah dengan bantuan pemimpin tempatan dan menggaji pahlawan Dayak sebagai askarnya. Mereka juga menggalakkan imigrasi kelas perdagangan Cina.

Sejarah moden

Jepun menyerang Sarawak pada 1941 dan menguasainya sepanjang Perang Dunia II Sarawak pada masa kekalahan Jepun, 1945 ditadbir oleh British Borneo Civil Affairs Unit yang dikawal selia oleh tentera Australia. [1]

Anti- Cession Sarawak (The Straits Times, 31 August 1950, Page 5) dlm National Library Singapore.


http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19500831.2.64.aspx


http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Sarawak

Facebook|Sejarah Sarawak